Stability of Valuations and Koll\'ar Components

We prove that among all Koll\'ar components obtained by plt blow ups of a klt singularity $o \in (X, D)$, there is at most one that is (log-)K-semistable. We achieve this by showing that if such a Koll\'ar component exists, it uniquely minimizes the normalized volume function introduced in [Li15a] among all divisorial valuations. Conversely, we show any divisorial minimizer of the normalized volume function yields a K-semistable Koll\'ar component. We also prove that for any klt singularity, the infimum of the normalized function is always approximated by the normalized volumes of Koll\'ar components.Comment: 44 pages. Fourth version: substantial improvement on various parts. Notably, Theorem D, Theorem 1.4 and Proposition 4.6. Final version to appear in JEM

Stability of Valuations: Higher Rational Rank

Given a klt singularity $x\in (X, D)$, we show that a quasi-monomial valuation $v$ with a finitely generated associated graded ring is the minimizer of the normalized volume function $\widehat{\rm vol}_{(X,D),x}$, if and only if $v$ induces a degeneration to a K-semistable log Fano cone singularity. Moreover, such a minimizer is unique among all quasi-monomial valuations up to rescaling. As a consequence, we prove that for a klt singularity $x\in X$ on the Gromov-Hausdorff limit of K\"ahler-Einstein Fano manifolds, the intermediate K-semistable cone associated to its metric tangent cone is uniquely determined by the algebraic structure of $x\in X$, hence confirming a conjecture by Donaldson-Sun.Comment: 55 pages. Comments are welcome v2: the version accepted by Peking Math.

An abstract characterization of unital operator spaces

In this article, we give an abstract characterization of the ``identity'' of an operator space $V$ by looking at a quantity $n_{cb}(V,u)$ which is defined in analogue to a well-known quantity in Banach space theory. More precisely, we show that there exists a complete isometry from $V$ to some $\mathcal{L}(H)$ sending $u$ to ${\rm id}_H$ if and only if $n_{cb}(V,u) =1$. We will use it to give an abstract characterization of operator systems. Moreover, we will show that if $V$ is a unital operator space and $W$ is a proper complete $M$-ideal, then $V/W$ is also a unital operator space. As a consequece, the quotient of an operator system by a proper complete $M$-ideal is again an operator system. In the appendix, we will also give an abstract characterisation of ``non-unital operator systems'' using an idea arose from the definition of $n_{cb}(V,u)$.Comment: Some remarks were adde

A Guided Tour to Normalized Volume

This is a survey on the recent theory on minimizing the normalized volume function attached to any klt singularities.Comment: 47 pages. Final versio

Towards High-quality Visualization of Superfluid Vortices

Superfluidity is a special state of matter exhibiting macroscopic quantum phenomena and acting like a fluid with zero viscosity. In such a state, superfluid vortices exist as phase singularities of the model equation with unique distributions. This paper presents novel techniques to aid the visual understanding of superfluid vortices based on the state-of-the-art non-linear Klein-Gordon equation, which evolves a complex scalar field, giving rise to special vortex lattice/ring structures with dynamic vortex formation, reconnection, and Kelvin waves, etc. By formulating a numerical model with theoretical physicists in superfluid research, we obtain high-quality superfluid flow data sets without noise-like waves, suitable for vortex visualization. By further exploring superfluid vortex properties, we develop a new vortex identification and visualization method: a novel mechanism with velocity circulation to overcome phase singularity and an orthogonal-plane strategy to avoid ambiguity. Hence, our visualizations can help reveal various superfluid vortex structures and enable domain experts for related visual analysis, such as the steady vortex lattice/ring structures, dynamic vortex string interactions with reconnections and energy radiations, where the famous Kelvin waves and decaying vortex tangle were clearly observed. These visualizations have assisted physicists to verify the superfluid model, and further explore its dynamic behavior more intuitively.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figures, accepted by IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphic

On the proper moduli spaces of smoothable K\"ahler-Einstein Fano varieties

In this paper, we investigate the geometry of the orbit space of the closure of the subscheme parametrizing smooth Fano K\"ahler-Einstein manifolds inside an appropriate Hilbert scheme. In particular, we prove that being K-semistable is a Zariski open condition and establish the uniqueness for the Gromov-Hausdorff limit for a punctured flat family of Fano K\"ahler-Einstein manifolds. Based on these, we construct a proper scheme parameterizing the S-equivalent classes of \QQ-Gorenstein smoothable, K-semistable Fano varieties, and verify various necessary properties to guarantee that it is a good moduli space.Comment: 41 pages. Final version. Minor change with exposition improved. To appear in Duke Math.

Quasi-projectivity of the moduli space of smooth Kahler-Einstein Fano manifolds

In this note, we prove that there is a canonical continuous Hermitian metric on the CM line bundle over the proper moduli space $\bar{\mathcal{M}}$ of smoothable Kahler-Einstein Fano varieties. The curvature of this metric is the Weil-Petersson current, which exists as a positive (1,1)-current on $\bar{\mathcal{M}}$ and extends the canonical Weil-Petersson current on the moduli space parametrizing smooth Kahler-Einstein Fano manifolds $\mathcal{M}$. As a consequence, we show that the CM line bundle is nef and big on $\bar{\mathcal{M}}$ and its restriction on $\mathcal{M}$ is ample.Comment: 23 pages. Comments are welcom

Dynamic portfolio selection without risk-free assets

We consider the mean--variance portfolio optimization problem under the game theoretic framework and without risk-free assets. The problem is solved semi-explicitly by applying the extended Hamilton--Jacobi--Bellman equation. Although the coefficient of risk aversion in our model is a constant, the optimal amounts of money invested in each stock still depend on the current wealth in general. The optimal solution is obtained by solving a system of ordinary differential equations whose existence and uniqueness are proved and a numerical algorithm as well as its convergence speed are provided. Different from portfolio selection with risk-free assets, our value function is quadratic in the current wealth, and the equilibrium allocation is linearly sensitive to the initial wealth. Numerical results show that this model performs better than both the classical one and the variance model in a bull market.Comment: 41 pages,8 figure

Hand Action Detection from Ego-centric Depth Sequences with Error-correcting Hough Transform

Detecting hand actions from ego-centric depth sequences is a practically challenging problem, owing mostly to the complex and dexterous nature of hand articulations as well as non-stationary camera motion. We address this problem via a Hough transform based approach coupled with a discriminatively learned error-correcting component to tackle the well known issue of incorrect votes from the Hough transform. In this framework, local parts vote collectively for the start $\&$ end positions of each action over time. We also construct an in-house annotated dataset of 300 long videos, containing 3,177 single-action subsequences over 16 action classes collected from 26 individuals. Our system is empirically evaluated on this real-life dataset for both the action recognition and detection tasks, and is shown to produce satisfactory results. To facilitate reproduction, the new dataset and our implementation are also provided online

Structure of minimal 2-spheres of constant curvature in the complex hyperquadric

In this paper, the singular-value decomposition theory of complex matrices is explored to study constantly curved 2-spheres minimal in both $\mathbb{C}P^n$ and the hyperquadric of $\mathbb{C}P^n$. The moduli space of all those noncongruent ones is introduced, which can be described by certain complex symmetric matrices modulo an appropriate group action. Using this description, many examples, such as constantly curved holomorphic 2-spheres of higher degree, nonhomogenous minimal 2-spheres of constant curvature, etc., are constructed. Uniqueness is proven for the totally real constantly curved 2-sphere minimal in both the hyperquadric and $\mathbb{C}P^n$.Comment: 30 pages, 2 figure